改革開(kāi)放30年流行語(yǔ)固定譯法
來(lái)源：
小編： 31改革開(kāi)放的30年間，我們的生活里涌現(xiàn)出非常多的流行詞語(yǔ)。這些流行語(yǔ)，無(wú)不反映出社會(huì)的變遷和沖擊人們生活的新事物、新事件、新觀(guān)念。比如上世紀(jì)七八十年代的“老三件”、“喇叭褲”，八九十年代的“萬(wàn)元戶(hù)”、“下海”，九十年代的“下崗再就業(yè)”、“BP機(jī)”、“大哥大”，再到如今的“上網(wǎng)”、“博客”、“互動(dòng)”乃至“山寨”等等。
在目前舉國(guó)上下紀(jì)念改革開(kāi)放30周年之際，這些過(guò)去30年中的流行語(yǔ)也引起了廣泛關(guān)注。流行語(yǔ)的英譯難度不小，比如說(shuō)目前正流行的“山寨”。幸運(yùn)的是，在我國(guó)翻譯界的共同努力下，過(guò)去30年的不少流行語(yǔ)已確定了基本固定的英譯。
30年流行語(yǔ)固定英文譯法：
“倒?fàn)敗保簆rofiteer或wheeler-dealer
“五好家庭”：Five Virtues Family
“萬(wàn)元戶(hù)”：ten-thousand-yuan household
“大哥大”：GSM mobile telephone
“喇叭褲”：bell-bottomed trousers
“交誼舞”：ballroom dancing
“蛤蟆鏡”：goggles
“菜籃子工程”：Non-Staple Food Project
“鐵飯碗”：Iron Rice Bowl
“ 高考移民”：NCEE migrant（National College Entrance Examination migrant）
“選秀 ”：talent show /talent-search show
“保持黨員先進(jìn)性教育”：Campaign to Educate Party Members to Preserve Their Vanguard Nature
“抓大放小”：Restructuring Major Enterprises and Relaxing Control over Small Ones
“‘三農(nóng)’問(wèn)題”：Issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area
“小康社會(huì)”：a moderately prosperous society
至于當(dāng)前正流行的“山寨”應(yīng)該怎么譯，目前似乎尚無(wú)確定的說(shuō)法。所謂“山寨”，其核心含義就是名牌產(chǎn)品的冒牌。根據(jù)一些在華外國(guó)友人對(duì)目前正在走紅的“山寨”現(xiàn)象所進(jìn)行的評(píng)論，“山寨”在英語(yǔ)中大致可以表達(dá)為rip-off world class brands。由于“山寨”產(chǎn)品大多質(zhì)量較差，因此又有人稱(chēng)其為something is kind of a poorly done, low-class approximation of another thing。
當(dāng)然，在不少網(wǎng)站上，shanzhai products和shanzhai culture這樣的表達(dá)已經(jīng)涌現(xiàn)。在中國(guó)國(guó)際廣播電臺(tái)的英文網(wǎng)站上，就有一個(gè)關(guān)于“‘Shanzhai’Culture”的詳細(xì)解釋?zhuān)渲械囊恍╆P(guān)鍵句子包括'Shanzhai' products are low-cost products which unfairly challenge the original companies. They are also often of poor quality. But 'shanzhai' culture such as 'shanzhai' MTV, most of which are significantly different from the originals, are just good entertainment and useful supplements for mainstream culture以及'Shanzhai' products are manufactured without approval from the authorities, saving hundreds of thousands of yuan in license fees. They are packaged similar to genuine products to flood the market with low prices。
改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，反映當(dāng)代西方文化的名詞術(shù)語(yǔ)大量涌入漢語(yǔ)之中，有相當(dāng)一部分詞匯還曾經(jīng)是各個(gè)時(shí)代的流行語(yǔ)。
外來(lái)語(yǔ)流行詞匯：
clone：“克隆”laptop computer：“手提電腦”
netizen：“網(wǎng)民”
talk show：“脫口秀”
GM food(genetically modified food)：“轉(zhuǎn)基因食物”
avian inflenza/avian flu/bird flu：“禽流感”
headhunting：“獵頭”
DINK family (Double Income No Kids family)：“丁克家庭”
soft landing：“軟著陸”
IELTS (International English Language Testing System)：“雅思”
shopping mall：“購(gòu)物城”
reality show：“真人秀”
subprime loan/lending/mortgage/mortgage loan crisis：“次貸危機(jī)”
