A類閱讀判斷題標準探討
來源：
小編： 173雅思學術類考試作為準備出國學習的一項成績，在很多學子的出國路上造成了不小的障礙。而閱讀部分一大難點是其變化多端、紛繁復雜的題型。這些題型粗粗的算來可以分為九大類：標題對應題、真假判斷題、總結(jié)題、簡答題、句子完成題、圖表填空題、配對題、選擇題、流程圖題。在這些題型當中，真假判斷題占到了將近 50%。所以判斷題做得好壞直接決定了考生在閱讀上的成績。
在是非無判斷題的考試中,考生要對試卷上所列出的一系列命題(即陳述句)進行判斷。如果這些陳述句是反映觀點或者態(tài)度的，那么考生的任務就是判斷這些句子是否和作者的觀點一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是 “YES”,“NO”或者是“NOT GIVEN”。如果這些陳述句表述的內(nèi)容是有關事實信息,那么考生就要判斷這些句子是否和文中的信息一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是“TRUE”,“FALSE”或者是“NOT GIVEN”。這里要特別說明的是在考試中“YES”,“NO”,“NOT GIVEN”和“TRUE”,“FALSE”,“NOT GIVEN”只是考試形式的區(qū)別,在判斷方式上并沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別。
那么，我們需要拿什么標準來判斷我們的命題是否正確呢？現(xiàn)在有很多不同的說法，在多年的教學經(jīng)驗的基礎上，我總結(jié)出了這樣的標準：
TRUE或YES：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。
FALSE或NO：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個考點詞匯和原文中的表達想矛盾。
NOT GIVEN：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯誤的前提之下，至少有一個考點詞匯文章沒有提到相關內(nèi)容。
用表格的形式表述如下：(假設被判斷的命題中有三個考點)
下面結(jié)合劍橋雅思4上面的具體題目來講解一下我的判斷標準。
首先來解釋TRUE/YES的標準：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。從表述中可以看出，正確的標準是唯一性的，只有在全部考點都正確的情況下，該命題才能被判斷為TRUE/YES。
Academic Test 1
Reading Passage 1
3.
題干：It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the "pure" science that they study at school.
原文：Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about "pure" science, curriculum science.
分析：此題答案為TRUE。從兩個句子表達中不難看出，兩句話都是針對children這同一對象，并且在觀點陳述中hold對應harbour都作動詞，表示“包含，擁有”, mistaken views對應misconceptions,表示“錯誤的概念”， that they study at school對應curriculum science，在這里curriculum做名詞，表示“學校課程”的意思。
4.
題干：The fact that children's ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.
原文：These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,
分析：雖然原文是一個長難句，但從表達意思的主體上來看并沒有太大的改變。children's ideas about science對應these misconceptions，都指的兒童對于科學的認識，只不過文章中表達為錯誤的概念，form part of a larger framework of ideas對應do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework，都表達了兒童的觀點形成了一個大的框架的觀點，區(qū)別就在于文章對這個框架作了一些詳細的描述，means that it is easier to change them對應making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification，在這里，考點的對應集中在了easier 正好對應了文章中的more accessible, to change them對應了modification.
7.
題干：The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children's understanding of rainforests.
原文：These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforest...
分析：在這里，關鍵的考點對應集中在了 follows on from對應了consistent，都表示“一致的”意思，a series of studies that have looked at children's understanding of rainforests對應了our previous studies of pupils' views about the use and conservation of rainforest，同樣表示了“之前已經(jīng)研究過的兒童對于熱帶雨林的觀點”。
Academic Test 3
Reading Passage 1
12
題干：The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.
原文：All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans...generally the rates have been modest (lower than bank rates)
分析：題干中表達the children have to pay back... more money than they borrowed對應文章中All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans，全部計劃都要收利息，所以兒童必須還錢，并且有了利息的存在，所以兒童要還比他借的錢多的一部分的錢；并且，slightly對應了 modest, generally the rates have been modest(lower than bank rates)，利率不多，并且比銀行的要低，所以只高出了一點點。
Academic Test 4
Reading Passage 1
1.
題干：Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.
原文：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records......
分析：about 1900對應the early years of the twentieth century，Modern official athletic records date from對應when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records
6.
題干：The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognised at a younger age.
原文：Over the past century,...but with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes-----it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.
分析：The growing international importance of athletics對應with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes, gifted athletes對應individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance，recognised at a younger age對應more likely...can be identified early.
從這些例子中可以看出，所有被判斷為正確的陳述表達無一例外的都和文章中的考點表達存在一一對應的關系。
接下來，來看看FALSE / NO的判斷標準：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個考點詞匯和原文中的表達想矛盾。無論其他的考點是什么結(jié)論，只需要其中有一個考點是錯誤的，那么這個命題的答案就是錯誤的。
