致勝英國英語發(fā)音(圖)
來源：
小編： 34Abstract: 隨著雅思口語引進(jìn)半分制, 學(xué)生對(duì)英語發(fā)音特別是英國英語發(fā)音的規(guī)則知知甚少, 據(jù)官方信息以往的英語口音以2,4,6,8分為主導(dǎo)評(píng)分制今年8月1日起開始0-9分大跨度評(píng)分制度的轉(zhuǎn)變,對(duì)想拿到口語高分的同學(xué)的語音,語調(diào),音色的表現(xiàn)和把握,下面對(duì)英國英語的基本介紹希望能對(duì)考生帶來幫助.
英語到了十九世紀(jì), 英語語言的變化帶有社會(huì)階級(jí)的色彩由此女王英語The Queen’s English, 女王英語被公認(rèn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音Standard Pronunciation, 后來演變?yōu)楣J(rèn)的發(fā)音Received Pronunciation(RP), 典型英國英語的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音. 1922年英國廣播公司BBC采用RP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音, 就此BBC為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音. 也有人把他稱為Oxbridge English(牛津劍橋英語). 即使這樣也只有10%的人發(fā)RP口音, 應(yīng)為RP發(fā)音帶有濃厚的上層社會(huì)色彩, 人們把發(fā)音看作是社會(huì)地位的標(biāo)志. 假如一個(gè)受過良好教育的人不會(huì)發(fā)RP音, 很難體現(xiàn)自己的社會(huì)身份以及地位的體現(xiàn).
英格蘭境內(nèi)的英語基本包括倫敦英語, 東南部英語, 東部英語, 西南部英語, 西部英語, 中部英語, 北部英語等, 大致有三個(gè)方言區(qū):南部方言區(qū), 中部方言區(qū), 北部方言區(qū).
具體特征:
英格蘭南部: love, butter, luck, cousin, but, nut, /ʌ/是重讀音節(jié).
Could, look, book, pull, push, would, /u/是重讀音節(jié).
英格蘭北部: /ʌ/和/u/是不分的.
英格蘭南部:fast, last, pass, after, 重讀音節(jié)讀成長元音/?:/
英格蘭北部:北部音把/?:/讀成/?/
倫敦音(Cockney): 特色發(fā)音/ei/讀成/ai/, 比如famous發(fā)音/ei/讀成/ai/
Home Counties: 指英國南部的家鄉(xiāng)音, 包括Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Sussex這些地方基本操一種口音.
Estuary English: 一種區(qū)域口音, 俗稱”河口音”, 基本上操這個(gè)口音的人聚集在Kent和Essex, 河口音是介于RP和倫敦腔的一種口音, 基本發(fā)音特征是把”th”發(fā)成”f”和”v”, 比如thank他們發(fā)成fank. 基本發(fā)音人群是肥皂劇和電視TV秀, 以及足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員和娛樂圈人士.
The West: 西部口音基本是從Cornwall到Herefordshire, 人們經(jīng)常把r拖長音發(fā), 比如cart他們發(fā)成carrt.
The East: Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, East Anglia, Essex經(jīng)常把r音, 去掉或者說不發(fā).
The North: Lancashire, Cheshire, Staffordshire經(jīng)常把wrong發(fā)成wrang, 把long發(fā)成lang.
英語中有12個(gè)單元音, 8個(gè)雙元音, 24個(gè)輔音, 如果包括/dz, ts, tr, dr/, 則總共48個(gè).
單元音(The pure vowels)
雙元音(The Diphthongs)
輔音(The Consonants)
http://www.stuff.co.uk/calcul_nd.htm
UK English phonetic pronunciation
Table 1. Guide to the UK English phonetic alph
Symbol |
Description |
“|” (pipe symbol) |
Word Boundary Phone |
AAS AAS |
As in ARE fAther cAR |
AES |
As in At hAm trAp |
AVS |
As in Up bUt sOn |
OAS OAS |
As in Or fOUR Also |
A_S ULS |
As in OUt cOUnt hOW |
AXS |
As in tablE compAny commA |
A_S ILS |
As in EYE fIve lIE |
_B. |
As in But laBel caB |
_CH |
As in CHurch naTure reaCH |
_D. |
As in Dog meDal laD |
_DF |
As in THe boTHer baTHe |
D$ |
Noisy silence, such as a keystroke or door slam |
E_S |
As in Any sAId bErry |
E3S E3S |
As in EArly wORd hER |
E_S ILS |
As in AId mAde grEY |
_F. |
As in First telePHone rouGH |
_G. |
As in Grab aGo biG |
_H. |
As in Home Hat beHind |
ILS |
As in Ink hYmn beIng |
I_S I_S |
As in EEl pEEp heavY |
_JJ |
As in Jay adJust chanGE |
_K. |
As in Cat baCKer maKe |
_L. |
As in Light vaLLey feeL |
_M. |
As in Mat haMMer hoMe |
_N. |
As in Night aNt baN |
_NG |
As in siNG beiNG loNG |
AQS |
As in hOt wAs Of |
AXS ULS |
As in gO knOW cOal |
OAS ILS |
As in OIl avOId toy |
_P. |
As in Park suPPle gaP |
_R. |
As in Right fRom thRee |
_S. |
As in Sit miSt maSS |
_SH |
As in SHarp naTIonal fiSH |
_T. |
As in To aTTend paT |
_TH |
As in Thing auThor paTH |
ULS |
As in gOOd shOUld pUt |
U_S U_S |
As in OOze bOOt whO |
_V. |
As in Very oVer saVe |
_W. |
As in White Was tWenty |
X |
Silence, such as a pause |
_Y. |
As in Yet Use bEAUty |
_Z. |
As in Zip siZe waS |
_ZH |
As in treaSure uSually viSion |
操練英國英語的網(wǎng)站
BBC教你英音www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/multimedia/pron/
牛津教你英音www.oup.com/elt/global/products/englishfile/elementary/c_pronunciation/
牛津教你英音www.oupchina.com.hk/dict/phonetic/home.html
