oldata
絲綢能比鋼還堅(jiān)韌
2009-04-28
來源：
小編： 375
摘要：
Metal Strengthens Silk's Mettle
A study in the journal Science shows that adding a bit of metal to silk makes the gossamer but strong-as-steel natural fiber even stronger.
When you think about silk, you probably think of gossamer fibers woven into lustrous garments or decadently soft bedsheets. But silk is also prized for its strength. Mechanically speaking, silk fibers are as tough as steel. But in the April 24th issue of Science, German researchers report that a dusting of metal makes silk even tougher.
In nature, lots of insects and animals use a touch of metal to harden body parts such as jaws, claws, and stingers. So the scientists got to wondering whether they could take a similar tactic to make silk even stronger. Such reinforced fibers could prove useful for making really sturdy medical devices, like surgical sutures, or even artificial tissues like bone or tendon or even arteries.
The scientists used a process called atomic layer deposition to coat some spider silk with zinc, titanium or aluminum. In addition to covering the outside of the silk, some of the metals seeped into the material, incorporating into the structure of the fiber. And, it will probably come as no surprise that the fibers infused with titanium or zinc or aluminum are much harder to break than Original Recipe silk. As the old adage almost goes, O, what a stronger web we weave, when bits of metal to the silk we cleave.
金屬讓絲綢更堅(jiān)韌
發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》（Science）雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，往絲綢中加入一點(diǎn)兒金屬可以讓蛛絲一般但是堅(jiān)韌如鋼的天然纖維更加牢固。
當(dāng)你想到絲綢的時(shí)候，你可能想到是那些織成華麗服飾的薄紗，或者是那些柔軟奢侈的床被。但是絲綢也因其韌性而受到人們的青睞。從機(jī)械的觀點(diǎn)來看，絲綢和鋼鐵一樣堅(jiān)韌。不過，來自德國(guó)的研究者們?cè)?月24日的《科學(xué)》（Science）雜志上報(bào)道說，少量的金屬使絲綢更加堅(jiān)韌。
在自然界，許多昆蟲和動(dòng)物利用少量的金屬使身體的某些部分（比如下頜、爪牙以及螯針）變硬。因此科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)想，是否可以采用類似的方法來使絲綢變得更加堅(jiān)韌。這些強(qiáng)化纖維在制造真正牢固耐用的醫(yī)療器械方面會(huì)很有用，比如用于制造手術(shù)縫合線，或者甚至用于制造一些人工組織，比如骨頭、腱以及動(dòng)脈。
科學(xué)家們使用一種名為原子層沉積（atomic layer deposition）的方法把一些蜘蛛絲表面涂上鋅、鈦或者鋁。這些金屬除了覆蓋蜘蛛絲的表面外，一些金屬還滲入到蜘蛛絲的內(nèi)部，與纖維結(jié)構(gòu)形成一個(gè)整體。與“原味兒”的蜘蛛絲相比，那些注入了鈦、鋅或者鋁的蜘蛛絲纖維更難于折斷，這個(gè)結(jié)果將不會(huì)令人感到奇怪。這幾乎正如一句古語所云“啊，我們僅僅把一點(diǎn)兒金屬加入到絲綢中，就得到了如此更加強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)”。
Vocabulary:
Strengthen：加強(qiáng)
Mettle: 勇氣；毅力
Gossamer：蛛絲；薄紗
Fiber：纖維
Lustrous：柔軟光亮的
Garment：衣服
Decadently：奢華地；墮落地
Prize：高度重視；珍視
Jaw：下頜；口部
Stinger：螯針；刺
Tactic：手段；戰(zhàn)術(shù)
Sturdy：堅(jiān)固的
Suture：縫合線
Artificial：人造的
Tendon：腱
Artery: 動(dòng)脈
Deposition：沉積
Zinc：元素鋅（Zn）
Titanium: 元素鈦（Ti）
Aluminum: 元素鋁（Al）
Seep:滲透
Incorporate: 吸收；使并入
Infuse：注入
Adage：諺語
Cleave: 劈開；緊貼；忠于
英語點(diǎn)滴：
1）Original Recipe指肯德基快餐里的“吮指原味雞”。
2）文中最后一句話改編自英國(guó)詩人和小說家瓦爾特?司各特（Walter Scott）的著名詩句：
“Oh, what a tangled web we weave.
When first we practice to deceive!”
（啊，我們剛剛學(xué)會(huì)欺騙，就編織出如此混亂的絲網(wǎng)）
A study in the journal Science shows that adding a bit of metal to silk makes the gossamer but strong-as-steel natural fiber even stronger.
When you think about silk, you probably think of gossamer fibers woven into lustrous garments or decadently soft bedsheets. But silk is also prized for its strength. Mechanically speaking, silk fibers are as tough as steel. But in the April 24th issue of Science, German researchers report that a dusting of metal makes silk even tougher.
In nature, lots of insects and animals use a touch of metal to harden body parts such as jaws, claws, and stingers. So the scientists got to wondering whether they could take a similar tactic to make silk even stronger. Such reinforced fibers could prove useful for making really sturdy medical devices, like surgical sutures, or even artificial tissues like bone or tendon or even arteries.
The scientists used a process called atomic layer deposition to coat some spider silk with zinc, titanium or aluminum. In addition to covering the outside of the silk, some of the metals seeped into the material, incorporating into the structure of the fiber. And, it will probably come as no surprise that the fibers infused with titanium or zinc or aluminum are much harder to break than Original Recipe silk. As the old adage almost goes, O, what a stronger web we weave, when bits of metal to the silk we cleave.
金屬讓絲綢更堅(jiān)韌
發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》（Science）雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，往絲綢中加入一點(diǎn)兒金屬可以讓蛛絲一般但是堅(jiān)韌如鋼的天然纖維更加牢固。
當(dāng)你想到絲綢的時(shí)候，你可能想到是那些織成華麗服飾的薄紗，或者是那些柔軟奢侈的床被。但是絲綢也因其韌性而受到人們的青睞。從機(jī)械的觀點(diǎn)來看，絲綢和鋼鐵一樣堅(jiān)韌。不過，來自德國(guó)的研究者們?cè)?月24日的《科學(xué)》（Science）雜志上報(bào)道說，少量的金屬使絲綢更加堅(jiān)韌。
在自然界，許多昆蟲和動(dòng)物利用少量的金屬使身體的某些部分（比如下頜、爪牙以及螯針）變硬。因此科學(xué)家們?cè)O(shè)想，是否可以采用類似的方法來使絲綢變得更加堅(jiān)韌。這些強(qiáng)化纖維在制造真正牢固耐用的醫(yī)療器械方面會(huì)很有用，比如用于制造手術(shù)縫合線，或者甚至用于制造一些人工組織，比如骨頭、腱以及動(dòng)脈。
科學(xué)家們使用一種名為原子層沉積（atomic layer deposition）的方法把一些蜘蛛絲表面涂上鋅、鈦或者鋁。這些金屬除了覆蓋蜘蛛絲的表面外，一些金屬還滲入到蜘蛛絲的內(nèi)部，與纖維結(jié)構(gòu)形成一個(gè)整體。與“原味兒”的蜘蛛絲相比，那些注入了鈦、鋅或者鋁的蜘蛛絲纖維更難于折斷，這個(gè)結(jié)果將不會(huì)令人感到奇怪。這幾乎正如一句古語所云“啊，我們僅僅把一點(diǎn)兒金屬加入到絲綢中，就得到了如此更加強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)”。
Vocabulary:
Strengthen：加強(qiáng)
Mettle: 勇氣；毅力
Gossamer：蛛絲；薄紗
Fiber：纖維
Lustrous：柔軟光亮的
Garment：衣服
Decadently：奢華地；墮落地
Prize：高度重視；珍視
Jaw：下頜；口部
Stinger：螯針；刺
Tactic：手段；戰(zhàn)術(shù)
Sturdy：堅(jiān)固的
Suture：縫合線
Artificial：人造的
Tendon：腱
Artery: 動(dòng)脈
Deposition：沉積
Zinc：元素鋅（Zn）
Titanium: 元素鈦（Ti）
Aluminum: 元素鋁（Al）
Seep:滲透
Incorporate: 吸收；使并入
Infuse：注入
Adage：諺語
Cleave: 劈開；緊貼；忠于
英語點(diǎn)滴：
1）Original Recipe指肯德基快餐里的“吮指原味雞”。
2）文中最后一句話改編自英國(guó)詩人和小說家瓦爾特?司各特（Walter Scott）的著名詩句：
“Oh, what a tangled web we weave.
When first we practice to deceive!”
（啊，我們剛剛學(xué)會(huì)欺騙，就編織出如此混亂的絲網(wǎng)）
