在實際教學(xué)過程中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),好多學(xué)生拿著一本雅思詞匯書不分主次的瘋狂背誦。結(jié)果大部分同學(xué)在難以堅持到底。 原因何在?因為他們不知道哪些詞匯是雅思會考查到的,怎么個考法,所以無法體會背重了單詞,提高了做題準(zhǔn)確率后的興奮,自然就失去了背單詞的動力和興趣了。
在英語學(xué)習(xí)中我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),一篇好的文章用詞豐富、句式多變。雅思閱讀的文章均摘自西方報刊雜志,屬于原汁原味的外文資料,自然也會遵循著以上規(guī)律,所以閱讀中對詞匯的考查萬變不離其宗,無非是對同義詞、反義詞、同根詞進行考核。
首先我們來給同(反)義詞下個定義:釋義相同(反)的詞。如: “attraction” 和 “allure”雖然詞性不同但我們?nèi)匀环Q它們?yōu)橥x詞。同樣, “essentially” 和 “unnecessary” 稱為反義詞。同根詞指的是一個單詞的所有詞性的組合, 如: value, valuable, invaluable, valueless. 可見這里的定義是泛泛的,是為了很好的應(yīng)試而進行的 “粗糙卻很受用” 定義。
了解了詞匯的考核形式,下面筆者就雅思閱讀中典型的詞匯換用舉幾個例子:
例一:
原文:In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer to ensure quick sales with conventional mass-produced housing.
題目:Many developers prefer mass-produced houses because they...
答案:sell quickly
解析:原文和題目中的句意關(guān)鍵詞developer, prefer 均相同,但 “housing” 換成了 “houses”, 即同根詞的代換。 “they” 指代 “houses”, 又因為 “because” 應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)從句,所以答案為動詞短語。 “quick sales” 對應(yīng)的動詞短語為上述答案, 也就是說答案也是根據(jù)同根詞替換而來的。
例二:
原文:While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient empires, such as those of the Americas, the primary focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies.
題目:The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.
答案:FALSE
解析:原文與題目對比出現(xiàn)了一組反義代換詞 “small-scale societies” 和 “mainstream societies”.
例三:
原文:Countries all over the world are actively promoting their wilderness regions to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these regions is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires litter or no initial investment.
題目:The low cost of setting wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.
答案:TRUE
解析:low cost=little or no initial investment; “attractive” 為 “attraction”的同根詞代換。
例四:
原文:In their new location, the beekeeper will pay the farmer to allow his bees to feed in such places as orange groves.
題目: They transport their hives to orange groves where farmers (charge) beekeepers for placing them on their land. Here the bees make honey.
解析:這是劍橋上的一個填空題。不難看出,為了考查詞匯,題目對原文進行了同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,但是對主語和賓語進行了調(diào)換,所以謂語動詞也采用了相應(yīng)的反義詞形式。
由以上示例不難看出,我們在背雅思考試詞匯時應(yīng)注意著重記憶形容詞、動詞。 對每個雅思必備詞匯的同根詞要加以關(guān)注。并且可以從大家背單詞時容易永遠都沒有背到就已經(jīng)放棄了的詞匯入手,如按“M, N, O, P , I, T…”順序,重點記憶動詞、形容詞。最好再記憶經(jīng)常被我們光顧的 “A, B, C, D 或X, Y, Z”, 你會發(fā)現(xiàn)效果很棒的?。?!
總之,學(xué)習(xí)也是一種挑戰(zhàn),“知已知彼”,了解考什么才能 “百戰(zhàn)不殆”,知道怎么應(yīng)考。祝愿“烤鴨們”能夠找到單詞記憶辦法的同時,“有的放矢”記單詞。