雅思口語(yǔ) - smoking
來(lái)源：
小編： 241雅思口語(yǔ) - smoking
來(lái)源:環(huán)球教育網(wǎng) www.ielts.com.cn
2005-5-25
smoking的話題口語(yǔ)中會(huì)涉及.我們今天來(lái)討論一下.可能寫作也幫的上點(diǎn)忙吧.特別送給明明,希望你戒煙成功!也給我的室友。
1.吸煙和婦女
Should women who smoke be concerned about heart disease?
Yes. More women die each year from heart disease than from any other illness. Smoking is the major cause of heart disease in women, especially those younger than age 50. Women who use birth control pills have a much higher risk of heart disease if they smoke. But after just one year of quitting smoking, you reduce your risk of heart disease by half.
Why do women and girls smoke?
Women and girls smoke for different reasons. Some women smoke to deal with stress or control weight. Younger women and girls may start smoking as a way of rebelling, being independent, or fitting in with their peers. Tobacco companies use research on how women and girls feel about themselves to influence women and girls to smoke. But there is never a good reason to smoke, and it's best to never start. There are, though, many good reasons to quit smoking. When you quit, your health and quality of life will improve. You also will help safeguard the health of those you live with by not exposing them to second-hand smoke (the smoke released from a lit cigarette or cigar).
Why should I quit smoking?
When you quit:
Your chances of getting sick from smoking will be less.
You will have more energy and breathe easier.
If you are pregnant, your baby will get more oxygen and be healthier.
Your children and other people in your home will be healthier. Second-hand smoke can cause asthma and other health problems.
You will have more money to spend on other things.
What happens to my body when I smoke?
When you smoke, you can become addicted to, or not able to do without,
nicotine. Nicotine is as habit-forming as the drugs heroin and cocaine. Over time, you may have problems with your teeth and gums; staining on your teeth, fingers, and fingernails; bad breath; and wrinkling skin. There are also other, more serious health problems, caused by smoking:
Lung cancer and other lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Other kinds of cancer, such as cancer of the throat, mouth, esophagus (food pipe), pancreas, kidney, bladder, and cervix (opening to the uterus or womb)
Atherosclerosis - clogged and narrowed arteries
Heart disease
Heart attack
Stroke
Early menopause - the stopping of menstrual periods Osteoporosis - the thinning and weakening of bones
Infertility - problems getting pregnant Problems during pregnancy like miscarriage, early or premature birth, having an infant born with low birth weight, stillbirth, and even infant death
What are the dangers of second-hand smoke?
Second-hand smoke happens when non-smokers inhale other people's tobacco smoke. It includes:
Sidestream smoke - smoke that comes directly from a burning cigarette, pipe, or cigar.
Mainstream smoke - smoke that is exhaled by the smoker. When a cigarette is smoked, about half of the smoke is sidestream smoke. Sidestream smoke contains most of the same chemicals found in the mainstream smoke inhaled by the smoker.
People who don't smoke, but are exposed to second-hand smoke, absorb nicotine and other chemicals just as someone who smokes does. Studies have shown that second-hand smoke can cause lung cancer in healthy adults who do not smoke. Children of parents who smoke are more likely to suffer from pneumonia, bronchitis, ear infections, asthma, and SIDS (the sudden death of a baby under age one which cannot be explained). Mothers who smoke and breastfeed may pass harmful chemicals from nicotine to their baby through breast milk.
Is it ever too late to quit?
No, it's never too late to quit. Quit smoking now to start feeling these benefits.
20 minutes after quitting: Your blood pressure drops back to normal.
The temperature in your hands and feet returns to normal.
8 hours after quitting:
The carbon monoxide (a gas that can be toxic) in your blood drops to normal.
24 hours after quitting:
Your chance of having a heart attack goes down.
2 days after quitting:
You can taste and smell things better.
2 weeks to 3 months after quitting:
You have better blood flow.
Your lungs are working better.
1 to 9 months after quitting:
Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, and shortness of breath decrease.
Your lungs start to function better, lowering your risk of lung infections.
1 year after quitting:
You reduce your risk for heart disease by half.
5 to 15 years after quitting:
Your risk of having a stroke is the same as someone who never smoked.
10 years after quitting:
Your risk of lung cancer is nearly the same as someone who never smoked.
Your risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas also decrease.
15 years after quitting:
Your risk of heart disease is now the same as someone who has never smoked.
If you or someone you know has smoked for a long time, it's still important to quit.
2.吸引和小孩
Smoking is one of the worst things kids or adults can do to their bodies. Yet every single day nearly 4,400 kids between the ages 12 and 17 start smoking. Why? There's more than just one simple answer. Some kids may start smoking just because they're curious. Others may like the idea of doing something dangerous - something grown-ups don't want them to do. Still others might have grown up around lots of people who smoke and they might think it's the way to act like an adult.
You've probably heard that smoking and tobacco use can cause cancer and heart disease. That's true, but sometimes kids can't really think that far into the future to worry about an illness they might not get for 20 years. So let's talk about the problems that might affect kids more quickly:
bad breath
yellow teeth
smelly clothes
more colds and coughs
difficulty keeping up with friends when playing sports
empty wallet - cigarettes and tobacco products are very expensive!
Let's find out more about cigarettes and tobacco.
What Are Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco?
Tobacco (say: tuh-ba-ko) is a plant that can be smoked in cigarettes, pipes, or cigars. It's the same plant that's in smokeless tobacco, known as dip, chew, snuff, spit, or chewing tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is not lit and breathed in like tobacco in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Instead, smokeless tobacco is put between the lip and gum and sucked on inside the mouth.
Tobacco contains nicotine (say: nih-kuh-teen), a chemical that causes a tingly or good feeling - but that feeling only lasts for a little while. Nicotine is also addictive (say: uh-dik-tiv). That means that if you start to use nicotine, your body and mind will become so used to it that you'll need to have it just to feel OK.
Anyone who starts smoking could become addicted to it. If you're addicted to something, it's very hard to stop doing it, even if you want to. That's why so many adults have a hard time quitting smoking.
Why Is It So Bad for You?
Cigarettes and smokeless tobacco kill hundreds of thousands of Americans every year. You know those rubber bracelets that were created to bring attention to different causes? The Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids created a red one with the number 1,200 on it. Why 1,200? That's the number of people who die each day due to smoking.
The nicotine and other poisonous chemicals in tobacco cause lots of diseases, like heart problems and some kinds of cancer. If you smoke, you hurt your lungs and heart each time you light up. It also can make it more difficult for blood to move around in the body, so smokers may feel tired and cranky. The longer you smoke, the worse the damage becomes.
The Other Cost of Smoking
Using tobacco eats up a lot of money, too. A pack of cigarettes costs $4, on average. That means, even if you buy just one pack a week, you'll spend $208 in a year. Some people smoke a pack a day, which adds up to $1,460! That's a lot of CDs, computer games, and clothes.
What's It Like?
Usually, people don't like smoking or chewing tobacco at first. Your body is smart, and it knows when it's being poisoned. When people try smoking for the first time, they often cough a lot and feel pain or burning in their throat and lungs. This is your lungs' way of trying to protect you and tell you to keep them smoke free. Also, many people say that they feel sick to their stomachs or even throw up. If someone accidentally swallows chewing tobacco, they may be sick for hours. Yuck.
What if My Friend Smokes?
If you have a friend who smokes or uses tobacco, you can help him or her by encouraging the person to quit. Here are some reasons you can mention:
It will hurt his or her health.
It will make his or her breath stinky.
It will turn his or her teeth yellow.
It will give him or her less endurance when running or playing sports.
It's expensive.
It's illegal to buy cigarettes when you're underage.
If you think it will help, you could print out articles like this one for your friend. He or she may be interested in learning more about the dangers of smoking. But the person also could be a little angry. No one likes to hear that they're doing something wrong. If your friend gets upset, don't push it too much. In time, he or she may realize you are right.
In the meantime, it could help to talk with a parent or a school counselor to say you're worried about your friend. When your friend is ready, a grown-up can help him or her quit for good. If your friend decides to quit, support him or her. You might say it's time to kick some butts!
